# Linode VPS # Data Center Frankfurt # Features and Key highlights 4 vCores 8G Memory 160G internal storage 5TB Bandwidth/Month shared private Network $40/Month KVM Platform # Average Network Performance based on 3 tests Download speedtest : 86 Mb/s Upload speedtest : 41 Mb/s # I/O performance Average I/O Latency : 528 kB/s Average I/O Throughput : 723 MB/s Average I/O Reading : 1.1 GB/s # FIO Random Read Performance Test read : IOPS =9869, BW=38.6MiB/s (40.4MB/s)(4096MiB/106245msec) iops : min =428, max=3218, avg=2488.49, stdev=333.16, samples=841 # FIO Random Write Performance Test write : IOPS =146k, BW=568MiB/s (596MB/s)(2048MiB/3603msec) iops : min =10716, max=110054, avg=73108.43, stdev=30211.36, samples=14 # FIO Read/Write Performance Test read : IOPS =18.5k, BW=72.1MiB/s (75.6MB/s)(768MiB/10641msec) iops : min =7748, max=25944, avg=18396.90, stdev=5125.69, samples=21 write : IOPS =6169, BW=24.1MiB/s (25.3MB/s)(256MiB/10641msec) iops : min =2778, max=8732, avg=6147.43, stdev=1730.15, samples=21 * A VPS using local non-SSD will probably get somewhere around 500 read / 200 write. # Note The network is being throttled since it got the lowest network speed among other providers. # Benchmark test result root@linode:~# sh bench.sh -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Installing Dependencies -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Date Fri Sep 14 18:46:37 UTC 2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Hostname FQHN linode.articlian.org -------------------------------------------------------------------- # OS Installed No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic # Number CPUs/Cores Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 4 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 79 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2697 v4 @ 2.30GHz Stepping: 1 CPU MHz: 2299.984 BogoMIPS: 4599.96 Hypervisor vendor: KVM Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 4096K L3 cache: 16384K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3 -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Memory Installed total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.8G 106M 4.9G 5.0M 2.8G 7.4G Swap: 511M 0B 511M -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Partition Layout Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 798M 5.1M 793M 1% /run /dev/sda ext4 157G 9.2G 140G 7% / tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs 798M 0 798M 0% /run/user/1000 -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Disk Layout NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT sda ext4 53d8a555-ce87-4f3a-b492-471e302bfead / sdb swap 4e7d8f61-f919-408f-8b0d-5dfcf8655729 [SWAP] -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Net Test1 Retrieving speedtest.net configuration... Testing from Linode (172.104.225.102)... Retrieving speedtest.net server list... Selecting best server based on ping... Hosted by Hammer Fiber (Point Pleasant Beach, NJ) [76.27 km]: 85.117 ms Testing download speed................................................................................ Download: 107.23 Mbit/s Testing upload speed...................................................................................................... Upload: 40.86 Mbit/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Net Test2 Retrieving speedtest.net configuration... Testing from Linode (172.104.225.102)... Retrieving speedtest.net server list... Selecting best server based on ping... Hosted by Hammer Fiber (Point Pleasant Beach, NJ) [76.27 km]: 85.52 ms Testing download speed................................................................................ Download: 94.48 Mbit/s Testing upload speed...................................................................................................... Upload: 42.07 Mbit/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # Net Test3 Retrieving speedtest.net configuration... Testing from Linode (172.104.225.102)... Retrieving speedtest.net server list... Selecting best server based on ping... Hosted by Hammer Fiber (Point Pleasant Beach, NJ) [76.27 km]: 85.411 ms Testing download speed............................................................................... .Download: 57.34 Mbit/s Testing upload speed...................................................................................................... Upload: 42.77 Mbit/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # dd Test I/O Latency Test 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 512000 bytes (512 kB, 500 KiB) copied, 1.39094 s, 368 kB/s real 0m1.394s user 0m0.006s sys 0m0.116s I/O Throughput Test 16384+0 records in 16384+0 records out 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 1.50281 s, 714 MB/s real 0m1.504s user 0m0.020s sys 0m1.027s I/O Reading Test 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 0.765431 s, 1.4 GB/s real 0m0.809s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.805s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # I/O Latency Test with avg I/O Latency (1st run) : 543 kB/s I/O Latency (2nd run) : 557 kB/s I/O Latency (3rd run) : 485 kB/s Average I/O Latency : 528 kB/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # I/O Throughput Test with avg I/O Throughput (1st run) : 733 MB/s I/O Throughput (2nd run) : 715 MB/s I/O Throughput (3rd run) : 722 MB/s Average I/O Throughput : 723 MB/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # I/O Reading Test with avg I/O Reading (1st run) : 1.2 GB/s I/O Reading (2nd run) : 1.1 GB/s I/O Reading (3rd run) : 1.1 GB/s Average I/O Reading : 1.1 GB/s -------------------------------------------------------------------- # FIO Random Read Performance Test randread: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16 ... fio-3.1 Starting 4 processes Jobs: 2 (f=2): [_(1),r(1),_(1),r(1)][100.0%][r=20.7MiB/s,w=0KiB/s][r=5294,w=0 IOPS][eta 00m:00s] randread: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=5150: Thu Sep 13 21:57:50 2018 read: IOPS=9869, BW=38.6MiB/s (40.4MB/s)(4096MiB/106245msec) slat (usec): min=78, max=68576, avg=392.47, stdev=319.65 clat (usec): min=2, max=390652, avg=6034.44, stdev=2896.78 lat (usec): min=223, max=393737, avg=6428.53, stdev=3038.84 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 4113], 5.00th=[ 4490], 10.00th=[ 4686], 20.00th=[ 5014], | 30.00th=[ 5211], 40.00th=[ 5473], 50.00th=[ 5735], 60.00th=[ 5997], | 70.00th=[ 6325], 80.00th=[ 6783], 90.00th=[ 7570], 95.00th=[ 8455], | 99.00th=[11338], 99.50th=[13042], 99.90th=[18744], 99.95th=[22152], | 99.99th=[55837] bw ( KiB/s): min= 1712, max=12872, per=25.22%, avg=9954.34, stdev=1332.65, samples=841 iops : min= 428, max= 3218, avg=2488.49, stdev=333.16, samples=841 lat (usec) : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01% lat (usec) : 1000=0.01% lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=0.50%, 10=97.54%, 20=1.88%, 50=0.07% lat (msec) : 100=0.01%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% cpu : usr=2.25%, sys=7.53%, ctx=1052236, majf=0, minf=97 IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued rwt: total=1048576,0,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: bw=38.6MiB/s (40.4MB/s), 38.6MiB/s-38.6MiB/s (40.4MB/s-40.4MB/s), io=4096MiB (4295MB), run=106245-106245msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=1048296/374, merge=0/113, ticks=367624/140, in_queue=232916, util=93.09% -------------------------------------------------------------------- # FIO Random Write Performance Test randwrite: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1 ... fio-3.1 Starting 2 processes Jobs: 2 (f=2): [w(2)][-.-%][r=0KiB/s,w=523MiB/s][r=0,w=134k IOPS][eta 00m:00s] randwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=2): err= 0: pid=5184: Thu Sep 13 21:57:56 2018 write: IOPS=146k, BW=568MiB/s (596MB/s)(2048MiB/3603msec) slat (nsec): min=0, max=21691k, avg=7588.72, stdev=136930.73 clat (nsec): min=0, max=541389, avg=1302.20, stdev=3460.22 lat (nsec): min=0, max=21705k, avg=9565.47, stdev=137092.84 clat percentiles (nsec): | 1.00th=[ 0], 5.00th=[ 474], 10.00th=[ 796], 20.00th=[ 988], | 30.00th=[ 1012], 40.00th=[ 1032], 50.00th=[ 1096], 60.00th=[ 1256], | 70.00th=[ 1320], 80.00th=[ 1400], 90.00th=[ 1608], 95.00th=[ 1912], | 99.00th=[ 4256], 99.50th=[ 5280], 99.90th=[46336], 99.95th=[61696], | 99.99th=[89600] bw ( KiB/s): min=42864, max=440216, per=50.24%, avg=292433.71, stdev=120845.45, samples=14 iops : min=10716, max=110054, avg=73108.43, stdev=30211.36, samples=14 lat (nsec) : 2=3.60%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.02%, 20=0.02%, 50=0.08% lat (nsec) : 100=0.12%, 250=0.39%, 500=0.87%, 750=4.15%, 1000=16.69% lat (usec) : 2=69.73%, 4=3.19%, 10=0.94%, 20=0.03%, 50=0.08% lat (usec) : 100=0.08%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01% cpu : usr=16.89%, sys=75.34%, ctx=240, majf=0, minf=20 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued rwt: total=0,524288,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: bw=568MiB/s (596MB/s), 568MiB/s-568MiB/s (596MB/s-596MB/s), io=2048MiB (2147MB), run=3603-3603msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/41842, merge=0/13, ticks=0/101392, in_queue=80116, util=49.71% -------------------------------------------------------------------- # FIO Read/Write Performance Test test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64 fio-3.1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=81.7MiB/s,w=27.7MiB/s][r=20.9k,w=7082 IOPS][eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=5190: Thu Sep 13 21:58:09 2018 read: IOPS=18.5k, BW=72.1MiB/s (75.6MB/s)(768MiB/10641msec) bw ( KiB/s): min=30992, max=103776, per=99.63%, avg=73587.76, stdev=20502.72, samples=21 iops : min= 7748, max=25944, avg=18396.90, stdev=5125.69, samples=21 write: IOPS=6169, BW=24.1MiB/s (25.3MB/s)(256MiB/10641msec) bw ( KiB/s): min=11112, max=34928, per=99.65%, avg=24590.05, stdev=6920.42, samples=21 iops : min= 2778, max= 8732, avg=6147.43, stdev=1730.15, samples=21 cpu : usr=7.42%, sys=33.76%, ctx=18158, majf=0, minf=8 IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0% issued rwt: total=196498,65646,0, short=0,0,0, dropped=0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: bw=72.1MiB/s (75.6MB/s), 72.1MiB/s-72.1MiB/s (75.6MB/s-75.6MB/s), io=768MiB (805MB), run=10641-10641msec WRITE: bw=24.1MiB/s (25.3MB/s), 24.1MiB/s-24.1MiB/s (25.3MB/s-25.3MB/s), io=256MiB (269MB), run=10641-10641msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=190904/107096, merge=0/9, ticks=500616/167996, in_queue=622368, util=98.90% -------------------------------------------------------------------- root@linode:~#